We do NOT use a risk matrix of any kind in the PHAs (HAZOPs) is we get our way. On 20% of the PHA/HAZOPs we do, we have to use a matrix and we manage such analysis as well as anyone can (we have led 10,000 PHAs/HAZOPs of entire units). But, yes in 1/2 of [...]
The question often raised is “Should LOPA be combined with HAZOP meeting.” To set the background, I'm one of the three originators of LOPA in the mid-1990s and co-authored the first textbook on LOPA (CCPS/AIChE, 2001) and am primary author of the second textbook issuing in a few months: Guidelines for Independent Protection Layers and [...]
The real issue is will your SIL 2 SIF lower the risk of the final consequence by a factor of 100 and similarly will your SIL 3 SIF lower the risk by a factor of 1000. If not, and if a SIL 2 or 3 SIF was required for your scenario to reach tolerable risk, [...]
An update of the definitive paper on Near Miss Reporting can be downloaded for FREE: https://www.process-improvement-institute.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Gains-from-getting-Near-Misses-reported-2023-R5.pdf This was just updated last month and contains the latest data. It is an update of the papers produced in 1997 and 2008. There are many other great papers there as well. Visit: www.piii.com for a complete listing of [...]
Toyota estimates that their workers make 20,000 errors on average for each major loss event. Many chemical and manufacturing companies estimate the same order of magnitude - about 10,000 human errors and failures, per loss event (minor thru major); the data we have seen also indicates there are perhaps 1,000,0000 errors (in operation, maintenance, procurement, [...]