Do Not believe the math as black and white or as accurate. When we accept a risk of 10-3 per year per facility, we are not necessarily saying we accept 1/10 deaths per year for the facility... we are actually guessing at both factors. 1) The factors we use for LOPA (and for SIF need [...]
Double-jeopardy (D-J) is NOT an independent protection layer (IPL) failure after an initiating event (IE). All PHA/HAZOP scenarios are of the type of: IE occurs, then IPL 1 fails, then...., leading to Consequences. However, the definition of double jeopardy (D-J) is when two initiating events, which are independent (or we had hoped they were so), [...]
We use the terms of tool and method interchangeably. Methods/tools include HAZOP of continuous mode, HAZOP of steps for non-continuous modes of operation, What-if, Checklist. The scope and goals establish the Qualitative Hazard Evaluation that you need to accomplish using one or more of these tools/methods. So, a Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) is a specific [...]
Process Improvement Institute, Inc. (PII) has 15 experts on staff (each with over 25 years of industry experience; including 10 to 35 years of process safety experience) who teach PSM, PHA Leadership, MOC, LOPA, Procedure Writing, and other specific courses on process safety, as well as Human Factors. You can attend publicly available courses or [...]
The HAZOP method is pretty good, if done right. IF you apply it to continuous mode correctly using nodes and all applicable deviations, and adding loss of containment deviation for damage mechanisms; and then if you apply it separately to analyze deviations from steps in startup, shutdown, and online maintenance; and IF you have the [...]
