An update of the definitive paper on Near Miss Reporting can be downloaded for FREE: http://www.process-improvement-institute.com/_downloads/Gains_from_Getting_Near_Misses_Reported_website.pdf This was just updated last month and contains the latest data. It is an update of the papers produced in 1997 and 2008. There are many other great papers there as well. Visit: www.piii.com for a complete listing of [...]
Toyota estimates that their workers make 20,000 errors on average for each major loss event. Many chemical and manufacturing companies estimate the same order of magnitude - about 10,000 human errors and failures, per loss event (minor thru major); the data we have seen also indicates there are perhaps 1,000,0000 errors (in operation, maintenance, procurement, [...]
A Human independent protection layer (IPL) can be a valid and valuable IPL. A human can be combined with an SIS-based alarm, but the human would then be part of the Logic Solver (decides what to do) and is part of the final control element. The criteria for counting human IPLs will be more completely [...]
IEC 61511 mentions systemic errors should be controlled and also estimated in the SIL Verification. But, ISA folks say they found it too complicated to include a calculation method for systemic error in TR84.00.02 guidance; which is why we almost never see it considered in actual practice. There is systemic error for process-related failures (such [...]
A team is neither necessary nor required (this is true for 95% of the LOPA we have done since 1996). If the PHA/HAZOP was documented well, a single analyst can complete the LOPA in about 20-60 minutes; with a phone call or two to a team member for some of the LOPA. The originators (or [...]